The Hubble telescope, which has taken pictures over long periods of time of blank spots in the night sky, and it sends back thousands of little dots in photographs–each of which is not a star, but a full galaxy, each with an average of between 100 and 1,000 billion stars in it. And scientists estimate there are around 100 billion galaxies–all expanding outward, their red-shift demonstrates they are getting farther and farther away from each other all the time–far more stars in total than the estimated total number of grains of sand on all the beaches on earth combined.